The knee joint, which appears like
a simple hinge-joint, is one of the most complex
joint. Moreover,
the knee is more likely to be injured than is any other joint in
the body.
Knee joint must be regarded as consisting
of three articulations in one: two condyloid
joints,
one between each condyle of the femur and the corresponding meniscus
and
condyle of the tibia;
and a third between the patella and the femur, partly arthrodial,
but not completely so, since the articular surfaces are not mutually
adapted to each
other, so that the movement is not a simple
gliding one.
We tend to ignore our knees until
something happens to them that causes pain. If
we take good
care of our knees now, before there is a problem, we can really
help
ourselves. In addition, if
some problems with the knees develop, an exercise
program can be
extremely beneficial.
To understand the functions, conditions,
surgeries & procedures
of the knee better, we have
included an interactive
animated presentation.
Knee anatomy ::
Knee arthritis ::
Knee Arthroscopy ::
Total Knee
Replacement (TKR)
ACL Reconstruction ::
Unicondylar
Knee Replacement ::
Revision Knee Replacement
MAKO / Partial Knee Resurfacing
Find out
more in this web based movie.

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The term arthritis literally means inflammation of a joint, but
is generally used to describe any
condition in which there is damage to the cartilage.
Click here to go to the section on arthritis.
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Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure in which an arthroscope
is inserted into a joint. Arthroscopy
is a term that comes from
two Greek words, arthro-, meaning joint, and -skopein, meaning to
examine.
The benefits of arthroscopy involve smaller incisions, faster healing,
a more rapid
recovery, and less scarring. Arthroscopic surgical
procedures are often performed on an
outpatient basis and the patient
is able to return home on the same day.
Find out more about knee arthroscopy with the following
links.

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Interactive
Movie |
Text version |
Printable
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Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |
A total knee replacement (TKR) or total knee arthroplasty
is a surgery that resurfaces
an arthritic knee joint with an artificial
metal or plastic replacement parts called the prostheses.
Find out more about Total Knee Replacement (TKR) with the following
links.

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Interactive
Movie |
Text version |
Printable
version |
Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |
The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the major stabilizing ligaments
in the knee. It is a
strong rope like structure located in the centre
of the knee running from the femur to the tibia.
When this ligament tears unfortunately it doesnt heal and
often leads to
the feeling of instability in the knee.
ACL reconstruction is a commonly performed surgical
procedure and with recent advances in
arthroscopic surgery can now
be performed with minimal incisions and low complication rates.

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Interactive
Movie |
Text version |
Printable
version |
Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |

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Interactive
Movie |
Text version |
Printable
version |
Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |
This simply means that only a part of the knee joint is replaced
through a smaller incision
than would normally be used for a total
knee replacement.
The knee joint is made up of 3 compartments, the patellofemoral
and medial and lateral compartments between the femur
and tibia
(i.e. the long bones of the leg).
Often only one of these compartments wears out, usually
the medial one. If you have
symptoms and X-ray findings suggestive
of this then you may be suitable for this procedure.
Find out more from the links below.

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Interactive
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Printable
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Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |
This means that part or all of your previous knee
replacement needs to be revised. This
operation varies from very
minor adjustments to massive operations replacing significant
amounts
of bone and hence is difficult to describe in full.
Click on following links to find out more about Revision
knee Replacement.

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Interactive
Movie
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Text version |
Printable
version |
Orthopaedic
Surgeons & Practice websites with Hipsknees movies |
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Partial knee replacement is a treatment option for people with early to mid-stage osteoarthritis (OA) that has not yet impacted their entire knee. Only the diseased portion of the knee is replaced, sparing healthy bone and the ligaments known as the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) and PCL (posterior cruciate ligament).
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In the knee it is done for arthritis affecting only
one side of the joint. The idea is that the
bone is cut and realigned
to take pressure off the affected part and put onto a better part
of the joint hence taking away pain.
An osteotomy can be performed around the hip in the
pelvis or the top of the femur and
in the knee in the femur just
above the knee or tibia just below the knee. Osteotomies
in the
knee are usually done to correct knock knee or bowed legs.
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